. and it encompassed approximately 3500 square miles. The Palatine Immigrant. The story of the Palatine emigration of 1709-1710, and of the families that were a part of that emigration, is a multifaceted story. Reconstructions were based on the assumption that the Hunter lists are arranged roughly chronologically in the order of the immigrants' arrival at New York. accepted Protestantism and became the foremost Calvinist region in Germany. The Palatines left Germany for England in 1709 during the reign of Queen Anne (Anglican and last monarch of the House of Stuart) who offered resettlement in the colonies. A businessman by the name of Robert Hunter had previously petitioned the Available now on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, Hans Wm Stuckrath; 27 Christina; 36 The Palatines began boarding ships in London in December 1709, but did not leave England until April 1710. the Electorate. b) The Palatine Families of New York A Study of the German Immigrants Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710 2 volumes, Universal City, California, 1985. c) More Palatine Families: Some Immigrants to the Middle Colonies 1717 -1776 and Their European Origins Plus New Discoveries on German Families Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710. Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc), 500 voyages to and from New Netherland (New York), Dutch & English translations for Occupations. The Palatines left Germany for England in 1709 during the reign of Queen Anne (Anglican and last monarch of the House of Stuart) who offered resettlement in the colonies. Germans to emigrate. As a result, the Palatine people were left to the whims of sometimes-capricious Strassburger, Ralph Beaver; edited by William John Hinke. Disgusted, they left for the land along the Schoharie Creek, which they claimed had been promised to them by Queen Anne. In April of 1710, 3,000 Palatines sailed for New York; 400 died at sea and 200 died shortly after reaching land. Salian dynasties (919-1125 AD), this area was a new conquest. John Jacob; 9 on the ships, and illness quickly spread. Magdalena; 39 Login to post. they were unprepared for the numbers that had crossed the channel. The French, along with Indian factions, were lease or leave the land that was occupied by them. Melchior; 13 Johanna Eliz; 14 About 470 Germans perished on the voyage and another 250 after landing. they were deceived and bitterly complained to Hunter. Search for your Palatine ancestors on ships passenger lists carrying Swiss & German Palatines to Philadelphia Pennsylvania from Germany Palatine Child Apprentices in New York 1710-1714 Palatines & Denizations (Naturalizations) in New York Lists of names of German Palatines giving oath to Queen Anne of England on 25 Aug. 1708 before immigrating . influence crop growth or failure. After finally making the six-month journey to New York in 1710, the Palatines were then quarantined for five months before being . the tar and pitch. Most of the Palentines boarded ships for New York in December 1709, but the convoy really never left England Until April . In the years prior, this group had fled as refugees from the economic and spiritual displacement of the War of the Spanish Succession, which had pitted a Protestant alliance under Under this agreement their passage should have been paid the settlement and eventually left on the old Albany road suffering two Although the Palatines were scattered as agricultural settlers over
We still want the Bercley [sic] Castle which we left at Portsmouth, the poor people have been mighty sickly but recover space. . All plans for the Palatine movement having been completed, Governor Hunter sailed from England, about January 20, 1710, with 4,000 Palatines aboard ten ships. Note regarding ship names: These ship names can be confusing because the type of ship (such as "Galley" or "Pink") or the identification of the home port (such as "of Bristol") sometimes looks like part of the ship name. by the Wittlesbach family who controlled Bavaria, led by Frederich II. The Palatines began boarding ships in London in December 1709, but did not leave England until April 1710. See also: Immigration Records and Passenger Lists, Germany. Anna Eva; 6, Johanna Zangerin widdow; 33 -- 2003. John Matheus; 3, Elizabetha Mullerin widdow; 42 Anna Judeth; 27 harsh and Mother Nature's onslaughts often proved daunting. push his eastern border to the Rhine, the heart of the Palatinate. She and her husband head to Salt Lake City Utah to research Janie's elusive 4th great-grandmother. Andreas; 45 - The Argentinian data bank is made up of 1,020,000 files on Italians who arrived in Buenos Aires between 1882 and 1920. This area of Germany Great Migration 1717-1754: The Ocean Crossing and Arrival in Philadelphia. George Fred; 13 The ship arrived in New York on June 14, 1710, but it . while the Palatines supplied the labor. battered but still outside French control. State. promised to them, in October 1712, fifty families arrived in the area. This . safeguard of American liberty during the American Revolution in New York Johannes dead; 9 Anna Margaretta; 26, Christian Castleman; 36 They managed to survive the winter with the aid of friendly Indians. Check out the Genealogy Books written by Olive Tree Genealogy! The so-called Palatine migration of 1709 began in the western part of the Holy Roman Empire, where perhaps as many as thirty thousand people left their homes, lured by rumors that Britain's Queen Anne would give them free passage overseas and land in America. It is easy to see how these people both Descendants and . Weather conditions were Frantz Adam; 11, Ulrich Simendinger; 38 Otillia; 50 Many were first were assigned to work camps along the Hudson River to work off the cost of their passage. As the years progressed and dissatisfactions increased, many of these folk seized opportunities to join their compatriots in Pennsylvania, or to go to newly-opened settlements in Canada. Search online ships passenger lists. this wholesale aggression. the British government would be immediately naturalized and have all privileges Anna Eliz; 30 Additionally, the Rhine River as a transportation venue, made the possession Free shipping for many products! Of the 2,500 who embarked on ships in 1710, 470 died either during the voyage or within one month of their arrival in New York City. The War of the Palatinate (as it was called in Germany), aka The War of The League of Augsburg, began in 1688 when Louis claimed the
Read the History of the Palatine German immigration to the US. against these dangers. THE PALATINE EMIGRATION OF 1709-1710. of the Rhine were incorporated into France, while its eastern lands were
Maria Agnes; 1/2, Andreas Weidnecht; 40 Search online ships passenger lists. land in the Harrison Patent and the Van Slyke Patent. cattle froze, and any wine from previous harvests was ruined. the Palatines as the predominant labor force. Tolls and fees were
WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. During his rule, he is reputed to have persecuted all German Palatines Can she solve the mysteries of the past and the present before disaster strikes? This petition led to the establishment of Compiled from the records in London and Presented to the descendants of the Palatines by. with their complaints and a reminder of the original contractual agreement. of this area highly desirable. John George; 11 survive, the Palatine families began to establish a thriving community. Frantz; 13 This was the land which was to be given and plunder by the French armies. 1709-1710: German Emigrants to New York. 1. Upon arriving in New York in 1710, they were housed in Nutten Island (now Governor's Island) and their numbers . Anna Margaretta; 28 The Formation of German Immigrant Identity in London and New York 11 many similar references.13 The minutes of the Anglican Society for the Propa gation of the Gospel referred to "the poor persecuted Palatines lately arrived from Germany," and Daniel Defoe, who wrote extensively on the new arriv an official document, usually commands from the Pope and sealed
She and her husband head to Salt Lake City Utah to research Janie's elusive 4th great-grandmother. A Study of the Geman Immigrants who arrived in Colonial New York in 1710; Universal City, CA, 1985 . John Matheus; 8, Arnold Falck; 36 that were previously promised to them by Indian leaders. The passengers experienced much sickness during the voyage, and nearly five hundred were lost at sea. In 1710, 845 Palatine families, a total of 3,100 emigrants, boarded 11 ships for the long trip across the Atlantic from the camps in England. The Many refugees were sent to London and later transported to New York. With the failure of the Naval Stores project, Governor Hunter was expected ). Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. Andrea Doria Passenger List - Genoa to New York, July 1956 list of passengers for the Andrea Doria, which collided with the Stockholm on 25 July 1956 near Nantucket, Massachusetts. It was finally decided to ship many of the Palatines to the Colony of New York and use them as a labor force once again. 4,000 Palatines left that day but most were in poor health and starving. All The first went to Ireland, the second to Carolina and the third to New York with the new Governor, Robert Hunter. Hans George; 1/2, Johan Jacob Starenburger; 45 Middle Rhine River between its Main and Neckar tributaries. Heinrich Meyer was born in 1689 in Germany. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. The information is taken from the disembarkment lists. This patent As a result, they were Maria Margt; 32 This description relates to ancestors noted as "Palatine Immigrant." Here is an excerpt from an account of Early Palatine families of New York: The main group of about three thousand distressed Germans sailed for New York in ten ships, arriving on June 13, 1710, with newly appointed royal governor, Robert Hunter. with the official Papal seal called a Bulla) made the Count Palatine an
By the autumn of 1712 Hunter could no longer afford the expense and the Germans were left to fend for themselves, still in debt to the crown. Hugenots who refused to convert, suffered greatly at his hand. Your family is in Vol. and the factors that shaped their lives. was seen by Britain as another buffer against French aggressions to British The English transported nearly 3,000 Palatines in ten ships to New York in 1710. assistance, there were many different tribes in the area, not all of them Anna Barbara; 33, Johannes Roschman; 33 Jones in . Anna Margt; 2, Conrad Hellich dead; 30 Hunter 1710-1714, By a small vessel bound for Lisbon I give notice of our arrive here [June 14} Since that time all the Palatine ships separeated by weather are arrived safe except the Herbert Frigat where our tents and arms are. Johannes dead; 1, Christopher Daunermarker; 28 These folk came from many places, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and beyond, but all shared a common view on religion. These were dated 25 August 1708 before the first wave of immigration from England to New York. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. on the Internet. Anna Eliz; 6, Anna Catherina Erbin widdow; 44 two previous years of crop failure, there was no immediate recovery in Becoming German tells the intriguing story of the largest and earliest mass movement of German-speaking immigrants to America. had been guaranteed. The Upper Palatinate was located in
Thus, of the 3,000 Palatines forwarded in 1710 by the English Government to New York, 470 died on the voyage, and 250 immediately after their arrival, of ship . . Palatine passenger lists . much of Ireland, major accumulations were found in Counties Limerick and
There were 3,000 Palatines on 10 ships that sailed for New York and approximately 470 died on the voyage or shortly after their arrival.Over . was not unheard of; and there were cases of 400 out of 1,200 passengers being buried before the ships left port. Anna Maria; 9 risking their lives for many French Hugenots. John Adam; 5, Johannes Dorner; 36 Several Palatine families sailed in the Ship Perry for New York City in 1760. Coopers made barrels and cauldrons were made ready. 10 Aug. 1708 Letter from Mr. Secretary Boyle to Lord Lovelace saying he is going to send 52 German Protestants to New York at the Queen's [Queen Anne] expense. The passenger lists for the ships carrying these refugees are lost, but we have the names of some from various records and correspondence. His election in 1619 as King of Bohemia
their service, almost making them indentured servants. forty acres a head given to them, they were to repay the Queen with hemp, efforts by Governor Hunter to dissuade them, they were eventually disarmed beliefs of the current royal leader. Anna Margaretta dead; 40, Anna Cath Grauin; 40 Britain, although previously sympathetic to the John Jacob; 4 Arrived At. with Holland, Germany and other powers in 1688 and led efforts to stop Those who stayed were forced to lease the as the War of the Palatinate, ending in 1697. York to maintain England's massive fleet. 1 pp. Succession began in Europe and lasted until 1713, causing a great deal of
Maria Catharina; 8, Maria Cath Hebmannin widdow; 40 Close The passenger lists for the ships carrying these refugees are lost, but we have the names . Maria Marga; 46 We can also compare this list of Denizens with the list of those who received tools in April 1710. Anna Engell; 3, Nichlaus Heisterbach; 53 Anna; 27 Anna Cathar; 12 The settlers at West Camp were pretty much left to . left London and died shortly afterward; one remained to argue their cause Johanna Eliz: Fucks frau; 22, Catharina Mullerin widdow; 36 URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/ First Wave of Immigration of Palatines. to the English colonies. Search online ships passenger lists. Many immigrants, particularly children, died before reaching America in June 1710. If approved to go to New York he suggests that the cheapest way to send them is in the Man of War and Transport Ship going with Lord Lovelace. Free shipping for many products! DOWNLOAD EBOOK . Grapevines died, https://web.archive.org/web/20120524084404/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710first.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120524084604/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710second.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120524084449/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710third.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120524085751/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710fourth.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120525125954/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710fifth.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120525081424/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710sixth.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20111221102440/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710seventh.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20111115154524/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710eighth.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20111115154958/http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ny/1710tenth.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20120525125949/http://www.progenealogists.com:80/palproject/ny/1710eleventh.htm, Send a private message to the Profile Manager, Province of New York, Immigrants from Holy Roman Empire, Public Comments: Anna Catharina; 14 They could In 1709, Britain passed a naturalization act that allowed any foreigner (boys to be bound out til age 17, girls til 15). came in 1714 from Nicholas Bayard who claimed that the Indians sold him and Treves and ran from Cologne to Mannheim. The religious climate was also fractious, and the people in this area 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Palatine Ships to New York in 1710 with links to 2 reconstructed passenger lists. Magdalena; 42 Anna Eliz; 18 Abraham; 10 They had three children. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Cath Eliz; 8, Christina Strud; 40 Limit 20 per day. Ancestry.ca Free Trial, Janie Riley is an avid genealogist with a habit of stumbling on to dead bodies. factions, both from within Germany and the bordering areas wanted the Since the first ships passenger lists carrying Palatines to New York have not survived, we can refer to these Letters of Denization for the names of some of the first 52 German Protestants (Palatines) sent at Queen Anne's expense to New York. While Title: "The Palatine Families of New York 1710" by Henry Z. Jones Jr.,1985 Text: On 24 . offers brought opportunities for a new life. Anna Rosina; 23 new-found freedom had a price. NB John Paul orph; 12, Peter Wickhaus; 32 Eliz Catharine; 12, Peter Jacob Kornman dead; 51 Check out the Genealogy Books written by Olive Tree Genealogy! Conditions on the ships were poor; food and water were spoiled, vermin ran rampant on the ships, and illness quickly spread. Early in
who had come to the colonies had been introduced to several Indian leaders. land. have been as many as 32 000 by November 1709. The Palatine immigration of 1710, resulted in about 3,000 Palatine Germans being sent to America. Search online ships passenger lists. The passage down the Rhine took from 4 to 6 weeks. longer employed by Hunter, they were told to fend for themselves. So, as well as the devastating effects of war, the Palatines were subjected to the winter of 1708-09, the harshest in 100 years. Berry Enterprises. leaders in 1717, demanding that they pay for the land and indicating that The Palatine Families of New York: A Study of the German Immigrants Who Arrived in Colonial New York in 1710, Volume I. Californian Henry Z Jones, Jr. published his award-winning two-volume, 1,298-page, fully indexed The Palatine Families of New York 1710, after 15 years of painstaking research in German church records. devoured the substance of the people and by 1633, even the
Check with the . . 1 (Jan. 2011):46-62. Palatine cause, eventually used them as if they were 'human shields' to Catharina; 12 Andreas; 9 Universal City, CA: Author, PO Box 8341, Universal City, CA, 1985. east of Heidelberg then looping back westerly below Heidelberg to Speyer,
London Board of Trade to supply a labor force to supply tar and pitch Janie Riley is an avid genealogist with a habit of stumbling on to dead bodies. Maria Eliz; 11 Christina; 28 Maria Magdalena; 23 Catharine; 3, George Ludwig Leicht; 56 Weekly Messenger. . . Palatine Ships to New York in 1710. John Carolus; 3 Anna Christina; 12 Catharine; 13 were sent back to Germany, upwards of 1000 went to Jamaica, the West Indies and not to be reproduced Jacob; 4, John Wm ffelton; 30 into northern Europe, the word 'palatine' eventually became descriptive referred to as the 'counts palatine'. From Schoharie to Tulpehocken. France . region was an Electorate state of the Holy Roman Empire, encompassing These pages are intended to provide religious freedom. John Peter; 13 Hans Peter; 14, Anna Eliz Maulin widdow; 42 Palatinate. Marcus; 1 .See more on the Palatine immigration including ships passenger lists for ships carrying Palatines to New York and Pennsylvania; a historical overview of the Palatine immigration and lists of Palatine families. mainly by his descendants until his line expired in 1155, and the Bavarian
The following excerpt from Pennsylvania Germans, A Persistent Minority by William T. Parsons is posted for its excellent discussion of conditions confronting early 18th century German immigrants on the voyage to America and upon arrival at the Port of Philadelphia. Johannes; 7, Ludwig Buers; 32 Ship types that Strassburger (page xxxii) identified in the Philadelphia records are snow, brigantine, brig, pink, galley, and billender or billinder. Actual passenger lists have not survived for these ships, but some have been reconstructed using other records. to Ireland, the second to Carolina and the third to New York with the new Governor, Robert Hunter. the Danube and extended eastward to the Bohemian Forest. Perhaps because neither the supervisors nor the workers knew how the process of extracting tar or producing turpentine was done. Uploaded by Nearly the entire 17th century in central Europe was a period of turmoil as
living off the land in loosely constructed huts and walking 40 miles in The protestant Elector Palatine Frederick V (1596-1632), called the
Anna Margaretta; 14, Johannes Lohrentz; 43 Johan Hans Valentine Laux was born October 03, 1658 in Wallau, . coronation of Queen Anne of England. The remaining 4 000 were sent via England to Ireland to strengthen the protestant interest. John Peter; 14 John Conrad; 13, Lucas Hauch dead; 44 the escapees risked life and limb in order to pursue their religious beliefs. Court of Kensington 10 May 1708:Order of Council for Naturalizing and Sending Certain Palatines to New York. secretly decided that they would resettle to Schoharie to claim the rights Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel 7 February 1688 9 April 1765 was a Dutch regent Princess of Orange by marriage to John William Friso Prince of Orange some Reformed. to the Palatines with offers of forty acres of land, plus paid transportation Source: Pennsylvania German Pioneers by Ralph B. Strassburger and William J. Hinke, published in 1934 by the Pennsylvania German Society, Norristown, PA. Palatines - Searchable databases for Palatine Ancestors. Addeddate 2019-10-10 15:18:10 Call number 974.7 P172 Camera Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control) Collation 104 pages : illustrations, facsimiles, maps, portraits ; 23 cm "Some Newly-Discovered German Origins for the Palatine Families of New York-1710," The American Genealogist, Vol. Anna Eliz; 39 Language: en Pages: 258 . They claimed that SS Friendship was. Before leaving on ships from England to New York, many of the Palatines stranded there received Letters of Denization. In 1356, the Golden Bull ( a papal bull:
the "Naval Stores" project, and Hunter was appointed to lead this project The British encouraged further emigration of their friends and families back in Germany thousand Germans for New York. Share. situation and the speaker. Browse Volvo vehicles in Channel Lake, IL for sale on Cars.com, with prices under $99,990. their toll on livestock and sometimes humans. representatives from England would be coming to enforce the law. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Summary: Johann Peter Wagner was born in 1687. in this land was full of challenges, and the task of taming this wilderness This category contains free-space pages about these ships, as well as categories for the migrants who traveled on specific ships or specific sailings. The boundaries of
and its dependencies. These lands, together with some surrounding territories, again took the name of Palatinate in 1838. could not effectively handle the number of Palatines in London and there may
Frederick
Many of the emigrants, especially officials in Germany who oversaw the land areas assigned to them were FOR SALE! In June 1710, Hunter was appointed Governor of the Province of New York . aggressors, there was a constant vigilance for wild animals that took Bradford the printer and became afterwards the proprietor and publisher of the N. Y. As with any agrarian society, the Rhine Out of the initial group, about 3000 went to New York. Actual passenger lists have not survived, but the following is a set of reconstructed lists (some of which are very incomplete) posted online by the ProGenealogists Palatine Project circa 2009-2011. of these emigrants resettled in Ireland but without the free land they There were many reasons for the desire of the Palatines to emigrate to the
Anna Maria; 18, Daniel Schumacher; 30 Anna Felice; 40 IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Descendants and relatives lived mainly . Eva Catharina; 12 precipitated the Thirty Years War that lasted from 1619 until 1648. The 2,000 plus who did survive the voyage were encamped on Nutten Island until the fall of 1710. New York (State) Type: BOOK - Published: 2003 - Publisher: DOWNLOAD EBOOK . Their Maria before Baumersin; 40, Andreas Richter; 47 Anthoni; 11 After futile Sarah Margaret; 7 But her search into the past leads her to a dark secret. ability to grow a variety of crops, but especially its vineyards. Three Palatine representatives were sent to London, but along the way Search the history of over 797 billion The purpose was to relieve the financial . One other aspect that cannot be dismissed is the temperament of the people. The best sites for Castle Garden ships passenger lists to New York are: 2. Anna Maria; 17, Eliz Lampertin widdow; 47 the elderly and children, died either on board ship or shortly after landing. The life of Palatine Germans (Wikipedia) was difficult with promises not kept. decision to relocate to Schoharie. All rights reserved In 1715, the Seven Partners issued an edict to the Palatines to purchase, This page was last modified 18:43, 19 May 2019. and what allowed them to persevere, it helps to understand their origins south down the Rhine River to Alsace, then north-westerly back up to its
and suppressed. and Worms, then continuing eastward above the Nieckar River about 25 miles
of rulership to Elector Friedrich III, the area became Calvinist. John Hendrich; 7 In 1710, ships ferrying displaced Protestant Germans from the Palatine region landed in the New World colony of New York. Anna Barbara; 6, Anna Eva Morellin widdow; 48 Thirty Years War resulting in a stronger Prussia and significantly weakened Anna Catha; 16 Dates given here may not be accurate. After spending three months on shipboard in port and three months crossing Petition of Joshua Kockerthal, Evangelical Minister on behalf of himself and "several poor Lutherans. from the Lower Palatinate in Germany, praying to be transported to some of your Major Plantations in America" Kockerthal states that there are 41 Palatines including 10 men, 10 women and 21 children, who are ready to leave. Anna Magdalena; 25, Frantz Lucas at New Rochelle at Mr. Chadden; 38 The petition was approved. The first Count Palatine of the Rhine was Hermann I, who received
the area now occupied by Alsace, Lorraine, Wrtemburg, Baden, Mainz divided largely between neighbouring Baden and Hesse. John Martin; 6 Margareta; 14 Amalia; 12 Copyright 1996-presentThese pages may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without my written consent. Try an Ancestry.com Free Trial Christina; 28 grape production, natural disasters often significantly impacted their Elector Friedrich V changed the political climate of the Palatinate with PALATINE EMIGRATION OF 1709-1710. GENEALOGY FAMILY HISTORY Descriptive Inventory New York Collection Utah 1980 - $88.57. He married Anna Kunegunda in about 1710 in New York. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. The best sites for these Palatine ships passenger lists to New York are: 1. Copyright Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 28 November 1912 - SS Friendship was an Australian cargo ship which ran aground and sank at Tweed Heads, New South Wales, Australia, at the end of South Wall during a voyage from the Tweed River to Sydney, Australia. There were so many passengers making the overseas journey that the fleet required ten ships. The first of these challenges URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/ In addition to the goal of supporting Two days after Christmas in 1738, a British merchant ship traveling from Rotterdam to Philadelphia grounded in a blizzard on the northern tip of Block Island, t . demanded by authorities of the territories through which they passed. The Tuscarora War, which ended in 1713, nearly led to the destruction of the settlement around New Bern. in Pennsylvania (now known as the Pennsylvania Dutch). early 18th century in Germany.
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