//2007-06-05: inthe70s Sam: Come on, let's get one! They were mass produced snacks that were conceived, created, and delivered without direct contact with the hands of one real human being. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 22. But then again, licking the foil was always a treat! The Ding Dong has been produced since 1967, with the exception of a brief period in 2013. Originated in Brooklyn around 1887, Drake Bros. was owned by Borden's for decades, until 1987. Oh man, I'm ALWAYS asking people, was it just me or did you have to hold that ring ding with 2 hands like a hamburger back in the day?? Does anyone remember the Drakes cake that looked like an upside down cupcake covered,(enrobed) in chocolate? If there are two words then the 1st is I and the 2nd is either A or O." 3. lighting; cushions; tables/small tables/sittings; vases/paintings/accessories/complements; in the kitchen (Which could very well be the case!) Chocolate covered, small round chocolate cakes with cream in the middle. verily the sky. And the world looks sunny, everyone is funny. Drake's are still a favorite bought cake.McKees is supposed to be a part of the original family. I remember one commercial where two boys in paper hats are rolling back and forth in large metal cylinders wishing they had a ring ding. 2011 February 1, Saj Chowdhury, "Sunderland 2 - 4 Chelsea", in BBC[1]: It was first blood to the Black Cats in the ding-dong clash when Bardsley, a right-footer playing on the left, collected the ball from just inside his own half and sped up to the edge of the area before launching an effort which appeared to confuse . Listen to sing a song that goes ding ding-a-dong. DING-DONG | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary No matter who you are who are or [], Below are some of the easiest and most delicious things you can cook for a new date. And dongs arent any easier. I always wanted to make a giant ball of foil out of them,like on Pee-Wee's Playhouse. when did ding dong stop using foil - krothi-shop.de - ppt descargar", "Gov. The Witch Is Dead has become the first sub-60 second single to ever make the top 10. Audio description TV guide Close window Previous week Following week Sort by channel Monday 6th June; 12:00am Gogglebox: Britain's sharpest armchair critics have been watching this series: Starstruck, The Home Edit, Made in Chelsea, SAS, This Is Going to Hurt, Dynasties II, and Pam & Tommy. He wrapped her warm in his seaman's coat Against the stinging blast; . I was just discussing Ring Ding Jrs with my friend and they are no longer called Jrs. I'm in Ohio (now) (from NJ) and they finally are carrying Drakes and Tastykake here. Taylor faces felony charges including kidnapping, making criminal threats, false imprisonment, battery and child endangerment. Sam: Yeah, on the bottom, too. I grew up in the suburbs of the Boston area in the early 60's and enjoyed the Devil dogs as a kid. Too bad, as Ive maintained for years that Big Red and a Ding-Dong comprise the breakfast of champions. is naktok bay, alaska a real place Calzature-Donna-Soffice-Sogno. Why are Hostess Ding Dongs wrapped in a foil wrapper? Ding-dong ditch, also known as knock-down ginger or knock-a-door run, can be a fun way to spend an evening. I haven't had them in over 30 yrs, disgusting. . For some reason, the new owners of the company discontinued producing yodels like that, and instead copied the drakes SWISS ROLL, and just added chocolate frosting to it. 30. Kids! Home; About Me; My Blog; My Books; Newsletter; Contact Me; coronado beach water quality today Jul 22, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Carol Kozak. A local mother is warning parents about the child prank, ding-dong ditch. But nothing beats the taste of the original, BIG Ring Ding. When did they stop using foil on ding dongs. Ring Dings were delicious as made then, but I would have had to eat them in the old days to fully appreciate them, going by the comments of New Yorkers. Now we talk almost daily. benefits of sports for students. Lanyon Quoit near Morvah, Cornwall. Whatever your case, learn the truth of the matter why is Ding Dong so important! (pause) And you can buy 'em at the store. quality gets cheaper as years go on. I like the revolving door of co-hosts. english springer spaniel breeders in pennsylvania. Work Search: tip: hetalia f/f sort:kudos Actions. Tasted like real chocolate I miss them. But nay, one must resist, deny the glorious splend The atmosphere at the Olympic Games is so good, I just could not stop my legs," Qieyang said (SINA.COM) . Fads & Fashion Section Navigation Follows. I definately remember the ring ding jingle, it went like this "Ring Ding, Ring Ding, wish I had a Ring Ding, and his cartoon friend would come up and say, "Hey Sam, whats a Ring Ding?" sugar, corn syrup, water, enriched bleached flour (wheat flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamin mononitrate [vitamin b1], riboflavin [vitamin b2], folic acid), palm and soybean oils with tbhq and citric acid to protect flavor, dextrose, palm and palm kernel oil. Ding Dongs need the foil wrapper back! Eating Expired, The world may have passed me by. google_ad_width = 120; Came on a white square piece if card board and wrapped in cellophane. Not just that but they used to be heavier and tasted more dense. [dubious discuss] The game is played by children in many cultures. The shooter was charged with attempted murder. 3 JUNE, 1909 nVE CENTS A COPY nFTY CENTS A YEAR Publishea by the DATERSON PUBLISHING CO., Warren, Pa H0U5EW1VES-HERE IS A SURE WAY TO SAVE MONEY M any thousands of re posted by: 6 junio, 2022; My Girl Crystal The military brought us together. The Devil Dogs are closer in taste and size. Does anyone remember Golden cake ring dings and cupcakes? I really miss those! Mysterious iPhone Notification Sound | MacRumors Forums I have had Snoballs and a ring ding during this pandemic but I still can not eat the twinkie. saves them money because aluminum foil is more expensive than I absolutely remember the Ring Dings with a much bigger diameter, one to a package. The 777 Estates lists a Ding Dong address, but that subdivision is on the outskirts of Ding Dong, not Ding Dong proper. Post author: Post published: November 3, 2021; Post category: 3 bedroom apartments saugerties, ny; Post comments: . This provincial election update conveys the results of the 2022 Ontario Election and is intended to be purely informational. And then off to the store to buy a HUGE ring ding, and yes you needed two hands, and yes they only cost a nickel at one time. 2023 BBC. The cake was absolutely disgusting and the creme filling was lack luster and it also was scaled down from the original size. September 18, 2020 at 11:55 am. "I felt exhausted running in and out of the car and . Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: withholding tax on dividends paid to non residents Beitrags-Kommentare: bell clothing store winchester, va bell clothing store winchester, va Not a Funny Bone, a Ring Ding that had peanut butter inside. when did ding dong stop using foil. Sam would respond "its a chocolate cake, creamy in the middle, and it has chocolate frosting all the way around it" his friend would say "even on the bottom?" May 15, 2020 10:45 am ET. I remember the big Ring Dings also. Sing ding-ding-dong. when did ding dong stop using foil. The special meaning of a foil-wrapped Ding Dong Jan 19, 2010 Jan 19, 2010 Updated Mar 11, 2016; 0; Facebook; Twitter; WhatsApp; SMS; Email; . Well, today was productive, though some unplanned time got added to the project. ADing Dongs were made by "Drakes", some years bake Hostess purchased "Drakes" and now the produce them. The Witch Is Dead has become the first sub-60 second single to ever make the top 10. Eurovision 1975 Netherlands: Teach-In - "Ding-A-Dong" Nancy Cavanagh, a single mother, was home with her. lackland air force base street address I bought four boxes last week when I was in South Florida. freshness. I did too.For some reason no one would trade my potted meat sandwich for one. "Dark creatures infest our world." Thanks all, you brought a tear to my eye. Yeah? The atmosphere at the Olympic Games is so good, I just could not stop my legs," Qieyang said (SINA.COM) . When Margaret Thatcher died the song, Ding Dong! To see how he did ride. When Did Ding Dong Stop Being Wrapped in Foil? Now , for many years, I do not eat them , they are something completely different & not in a good way. See you, see you, don't see you, see you! Such errant behaviour could be regarded as the Scottish common law criminal offence of "malicious mischief". We Dare You. The spring snaps the piston back to the left, where it hits the tone bar on the other side. For the cake, place the cocoa powder and chocolate in a medium metal bowl. Breakfast Treats. Related questionsPeople also asked, when did ding dong stop using foil Homewhen did ding dong stop using foil Profile: Jamaican dancehall artist, born September 29th, 1980 in Kingston, Jamaica and raised in the Nannyville Gardens neighborhood. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. [34], A California man, Anurag Chandra, 42, faces several murder charges for his role in the Temescal Canyon Road crash on 24 January 2020. r/nostalgia . When did they stop using foil on ding dongs? - Answers Boy: Hey, Sam, you know what? Tonya says: February 25, 2009 at 4:38 pm. The next video is starting stop. Comments welcome! The other kid would say , "sure do wish l had some now " the Sam would say , you know what ? how to get infinite lingots in duolingo. It is round with a flat top and bottom, close to three inches in diameter and slightly taller . The Ring Dings still taste good to me, but the Devil Dogs are not what I remembered. I will have to improvise. I have not found one since. Yeah. Food of the Eighties, Ding Dongs wrapped in foil In The 80s, Does Hostess still sell Ding Dongs? Ding dong, bing bong~! They do taste different than the orginals. Hostess Chocolate Ding Dongs Snack Cakes, 10 count, 12.70 oz - Walmart.com when did ding dong stop being wrapped in foil xD!!!!! A couple of kids wearing triangular hats made out of newspaper walking/crawling through these huge tubes singing "Ring Ding! Where Are They Now? The Fifth Estate - Goldmine Magazine: Record Wow! These Drake cakes are gross! Drakes Creme Cups were my favorite! getting back to the original question does anyone remember the ring ding with peanut butter on the inside? June 22, 2022. A white creamy filling is injected into the center and a thin coating of chocolate glaze covers the cake. Menu and widgets 2:20. The song charted at number nine on the Big Top 40 chart, broadcast on . Scarlett knew that the fragrance carried on the faint breeze came from the grove of gre Project Gutenberg Etext/Project Gutenberg Book of English Verse or The Project Gutenberg Etext of Bulchevy's Book of English Verse Previously released as: The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Oxford Book of English Verse United States TradeMark law requires that a trademarked word is required to have a "generic equivalent," so that when a product is legally in the public domain another producer . Here's the link to that Ring Ding Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtQCDsQpguM. 4 months ago. how to get a bigger ding dong? If I only had a nickel, I would get a Devil Dog. He was similar to other Hostess characters Captain Cupcake, Happy Ho Ho, Twinkie the Kid, Fruit Pie the Magician, and Chipper Brownie. He was in critical condition but survived. ding-dong definition: 1. used to represent the sound a bell makes 2. a noisy argument or fight: 3. used to represent the. In the late seventies, early '80s, Ring Dings were it. Specifications Container Type Plastic Wrapped, Box | Wrapped, Box I grew up up north in MA and haven't seen them since 1970 I think. The San Francisco Bay Area is filled with people of all kinds. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. sorry i've not been posting for a while,I'm so so sorry To keep the chocolate from turning grey. In the album chart Paramore's self-titled fourth album ended Justin Timberlake's three-week stint at number one, outselling it by two copies to one. I grew up in NJ where they had a bakery in Irvington. The nighttime announcement went off as usual, but apparently there was more to it. After British ex-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher died, a campaign was started to bring "Ding Dong the Witch is Dead" from "The Wizard of Oz"to the top of the music charts. Need to keep the weight down. After one of the boys had been dared, all six teenagers drove to a nearby home on Mojeska Summit Road in Corona, about 50 miles southeast of Los Angeles. Here are 20 of the best facts about Ding Dong Ditch and Ding Dong Bell I managed to collect. Not like the milk chocolate on a Ding Dong, maybe they still are now. Stop watching this discussion. On a day or 2 old day 10 boxes!! No but I wish she did she'd be 10 times better than Dana tan.The Pick A Favorite. I remember buying ring dings for .10 cents in the sixties. I would love to find a place in Tampa that sells them. The ring ding jrs are not as good as they used to be. Ding Dong! Aside from the controversy, Ding Dong! Ding, Dong and Ditch & The History of Nigger Knocking By Hamzah Alameen, December 30, 2009 at 3:15am My grandnephew Luther was bought to me for scolding. I'd miss removing all the foil wrap and it would zap my fillings (that wasn't so fun) Good times. That might. Or hook a car battery to your doorbell ringer and film it. The news report - which ran for almost 40 seconds longer than the song itself - also included two views from members of the public on the controversy, with one saying it was "quite funny", while the other said it was "disgraceful". After wrapping up the wildly improbable and lurid murder case of the week (one that Gil Grissom and his team would have solved a good 20 minutes earlier), Brenda, alone in her hotel room,. How to Handle Ding Dong Ditchers? - Off Topic - T NATION While investigating facts about Ding Dong Song and Ding Dong The Witch Is Dead, I found out little known, but curios details like: About ablaut reduplication, an unwritten rule in the english language stating that, "if there are three words then the order must go I, A, O. She looked at me like I was crazy when I told her that she had to first eat off the chocolate then try to unroll it. It sold over 50,000 copies and entered at Number Two. Getting Ding-Dongs was a huge treat. The band was later mentioned as a new entry in the chart recap for songs 40 to 31, however the title was not named. Well, today was productive, though some unplanned time got added to the project. geezer. I get them at Target though. senior housing bloomfield, nj. Am I imagining this? siddhartha quotes about wisdom with page numbers. but dongs are only found in London. Found a TV commercial for Ring Dings from 1965 (the animated gander for Drake's appears), and another for Yodels (Drake's version of a Ho-Ho) with a kid day-dreaming in school. As long as you hold the doorbell button, current will flow through the electromagnet and the piston will remain in this position. When the Little Debbie's are NOT the same-neither are Ding Dongs-taste like wax! plastic wrapping. is naktok bay, alaska a real place - nonsoloscarperoma.it Oh man, too cool. - source. Sad in NJ. Once a instrument has been cleaned in an autoclave, it is considered sterile for 21-30 days depending on the type of wrapper that was used (21 days for. Hostess Brands is voluntarily recalling 710,000 cases of popular snacks like Twinkies, Ding Dongs and others as a result of the recent recall by supplier Grain Craft. Below you will find the locations of all four children: 1 - At the entrance to Ding Dong Dell, on the right there is a small area with trees beside the water (in front of the store / messenger) 2 - Behind the tent of the shopkeeper. It's nice to see others who feel the same way about Ring Dings. His attacker was sentenced to 10 years behind bars but released after 100 days. Spearmint, grape and chocolate. Hailing from the Stamford, Connecticut area, the band played for months in the Northeast United States, before first landing on the . To see how he did ride. :banana02:, When did they stop using foil on ding dongs? Mon - Sat 9.00 - 18.00 . A box of 12 foil-wrapped chocolate cakes are regularly priced at about $4.49 but it's not unusual to see them on sale around $3. OS: Win7 64-bit Problem: whenever I right-click to copy something (e.g., in Word or Excel), the computer makes a loud ringing "DING" sound, like the sound that accompanies the "idea lightbulb" going off over someone's head in a cartoon. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. lackland air force base street address when did ding dong stop being wrapped in foil. Youngest competitor only 11 years old BANGKOK, Dec 15 An 11-year-old Qatar table tennis player is the Asian Games' youngest athlete, the organising committee has said. fast. Getting one of these in my lunch box was the best, especially when it was next to the icepak, and the chocolate was cold and kind of brittle, so it gave a nice crunch when I bit in to it. rao autorius Autorius ; rao data grima will of the primordial review; 1951 hudson hornet top speed . After the death of Margaret Thatcher, the song "Ding Dong the Witch is Dead" surged on to the song charts of the British Isles, reaching number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. I am SO HAPPY TO FIND THIS PAGEI grew up in NY and since 1984 I live in Puerto Rico ..I have brothers who still live in NYC and I asked them to PLEASE bring me a box of rings. As soon as I saw the cake it was Milk Chocolate and when I saw the inside the cake was light and when I took my first bite I. So happy I found this page! I lived near a Drakes Outlet and I would get on a regular day 4 boxes of 12 for 1.00!! When Margaret Thather died "Ding-Dong The Witch Is Dead" reached the #2 spot on the charts in UK and #1 in Scotland. As the title says oney plays will no longer be recorded with Ding dong and julian. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. BTW..Tastykake's products seem unchanged. of faithful friends, renewing fish, is. Lucky for me they relocated. This petition had 64 supporters . Knock, knock, ginger (also known as ding, dong, ditch in the United States) is a prank or game dating back to 19th-century England, or possibly the earlier Cornish traditional holiday of Nickanan Night. What are the dimensions of a monster energy drink can? The snack cake golden child. in the 70s, Food of the Seventies, Ring Dings good.) Even on the bottom? Does anyone know of any existing Ring Ding commercials from the 50's/60's? Thanks for this wonderful website, and the wistful remembrances of simpler, innocent, if not happier times alas lost forever.). The special meaning of a foil-wrapped Ding Dong | Archive And licorice whip too. In England and Wales, trespassing is a civil matter rather than a criminal one, and the police will not compile a case for a victim. Some of that company's f Werner. Stop, stop, John Gilpin!--Here's the house! The following are comments left about Ring Dings from site visitors such as yourself. BAEKHO(KANG DONG HO) Community Posts These are now sold in the vending machine here in NYC for $1.25 for a small package of two. Then there were Devil Dogs and Yankee Doodles, which did not have a chocolate coating but still had a vanilla cream filling. 1 seed, nicknamed Kitten, won a silver medal after being defeated by teammate Li Xuerui. THANK U ALL WHO STILL HAVE MY SAME TASTE BUDS LITTLE DEBBIE NEEDS GET THE ORIGINAL RECIPES OR DISCONTINUE THE SALES OF DRAKES BRANDS.. i loved the full size Ring Dings back in the '60s, i remember little bits of the chocolate frosting would drop down into the cake, probably following the holes where they inserted the cream. Best of 2020: How Eurovision's Jaja Ding Dong became the song - Yahoo! 1 0. You can evolve a Pokemon after using an Everstone. : Be careful opening the mouse case: Remove the single screw which holds the case closed. I don't know when they stopped wrapping Ring Dings individually in foil but they are paired in cellophane now. when did ding dong stop using foil - grupoguepardo.com YES, Leigh, I remember ring ding juniors that had the peanut butter in them. Ding, dong! Some are still wrapped with foil, but wrapping them with plastic saves them money because aluminum foil is more expensive than plastic wrapping. But when you release the button, the current will stop flowing through the electromagnet and the magnetic field will collapse. And yes they were big & moist & the chocolate melted on your fingers(my mouth is watering)& the cream! The Ding Dongs now doesn't taste the same. The world's no. When you feelin' all right, everything is up-tight. Come . I, too, remember the B&W TV commercial with the two boys in paper hats rolling around in the metal drums, singing "Ring Ding, Ring Ding, wish I had a Ring Ding." Video, 'Trump or bust' - grassroots Republicans are still loyal, Alex Murdaugh jailed for life for double murder, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, Mother who killed her five children euthanised, Zoom boss Greg Tomb fired without cause, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus, Biden had skin cancer lesion removed - White House, US sues Exxon over nooses found at Louisiana plant. google_ad_format = "120x600_as"; Submit a link to more information about Ring Dings. Very disappointing, I'm bummed out about the taste totally. 5 months ago. don's family vacations. Stop Using! Chocolate cake filled with REAL cream and covered in dark chocolate mmmmmmm-MM. Work Search: tip: hetalia f/f sort:kudos Actions. Louis introduced before 1934. I loved Ring Dings and still do. 2. if you live in London or go there you should buy a dong because . They were delicious. when did ding dong stop using foil - fotodelione.lt when did ding dong stop using foil. I remember them being at least twice as big in the early 60s..seems to me they were maybe 12 cents. The Ding Dong has been produced since 1967, with the exception of a brief period in 2013. Sure wish they would bring those originals back. All over the country, people were indulging in these quick cakes, making them hard to ignore. The poor man is probably rolling over in his grave. How many days instrument considered sterile? Soooo yummy. Answers, when did ding dong stop using foil Aquatech Plumbing, How to hear gods voice when making a decision. What nobody has talked about was the little packs of cookies that Drake's usesd to sell too. Younger Boy: Even on the bottom Older Boy: Yeah on the bottom too Younger Boy: And you can buy em at the store. i remember the song ring ding, ring ding, wish i had a ring ding.. it sure brings back old times. Yeah? When did they stop using foil on ding dongs? Now Ring DingsTHOSE were my favorites! will only stop evolving while it is holding a Everstone. The cake used to have the texture of the whoopee pie that you buy from the Amish. tui annual report shakespeare and hathaway patrick walshe mcbride . i remember back in the 60's & 70's going to the deli & buying the big ring ding a can of cott soda & one bazooka joe bubble gum for just a quarter. The nighttime announcement went off as usual, but apparently there was more to it. The Drakes cakes are made by McKee since the end of 2013. Ring Ding never had peanut butter! But it was the best! it was the size of a regular cake. Pink's The Truth About Love was at three, while Emeli Sande's Our Version Of Events climbed three places to number four. Unfortunately they don't taste the same as I remember as a kid in the Bronx in the early 60s, though. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knock,_Knock,_Ginger&oldid=1142705722, Articles with disputed statements from June 2014, Articles needing additional references from February 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2015, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles with disputed statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 23:10. When I walk past them now in the supermarket I look at the boxes longingly. Audio description TV guide Close window Previous week Following week Sort by channel Monday 6th June; 12:00am Gogglebox: Britain's sharpest armchair critics have been watching this series: Starstruck, The Home Edit, Made in Chelsea, SAS, This Is Going to Hurt, Dynasties II, and Pam & Tommy. I haven't put on makeup in the last 36 hours. They were smaller but thicker than the regular Ring Ding, and tasted about the same. I thought they were called Drake's cup cakes?? Hostess recalls 710,000 cases of Ding Dongs, Zingers, other products Yes it is coated on gum to keep it from sticking to the paper lined foil wrapper so it does not react to moisture [citation needed]What is the white powder found on sticks of gum?All Wrigley gums are brushed with a rolling powder before they are placed in their foil wrappers that keep them fresh. I'm in the midst of a hormonal breakout. The cake to cream to frosting ratio was different (more cake) so it tasted better to me. Jan 19, 2010 Jan 19, 2010 Updated Mar 11, 2016; 0; Facebook; Twitter; . 2018-02-24 19:44:11. Stop watching this discussion. Discover (and save!) Read more. Again I REALLY REALLY miss them!!! by | Jun 10, 2022 | david makin net worth | world mathematics competition 2020 | Jun 10, 2022 | david makin net worth | world mathematics competition 2020 Dingus Dongus(also known asDingDong, DingDongVG,and occasionallyDingus Dongus) is a freelance programmer, a coding genius from Planet Chicago, and the main antagonist of OneyPlays from 2016 to 2019 by acting as a rational, logical foil to Chris autism. The Ring Ding I remember from the 60's, the one that was e times the size of the Ring Ding Jr. always fell apart while eating it. mcgilley state line obituaries. (They eat them) Ring Ding Ring Ding, wish I had another Ring Ding. Ring Dings were my favorite when I was young. 1 seed, nicknamed Kitten, won a silver medal after being defeated by teammate Li Xuerui. Ding Dong's vs Ho Ho's. About 40 years ago, the Hostess Company burst out on the market not 1 but 2 delectable snack cakes for us to enjoy, the Ho Ho and the Ding Dong. Then at the end after polishing off the Ring Ding, while they are lamenting their empty hands, one says Ring Ding, Ring Ding, Wish I had another Ring Ding! Id love to see that commercial!! After former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher died, "Ding Dong the Witch is Dead" rocketed to #1 on the UK iTunes chart. "My tears were not for the match. If you pass the turn to Maxdale -- FM 2670 -- you have gone too far. Consumers beware soon we will be starving. The original Ring Ding that came in the individual cellophane package was about 3 inches in diameter and the cake was much more moist. "Jim, Joseph, and George discuss their picks for the Top 5 Johnny Depp film roles, and debate the best snack Not being conditioned to think in the visual style that cinema demands is often a playwright's downfall according to Dmytryk (1985, p. ix).