'-aLHl@!l'60# Egyptian is one of the earliest written languages, first being recorded in the hieroglyphic script in the late 4th millennium BC. Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ The pronouns are close to those of Semitic. << Ps),r?2,\@3RQaE`ne@]sn&GW[$pC:1AhZ,HYDqVpC"Z0Jull;hE+ The native name for Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is z n mdw-nr ("writing of the gods' words"). ;oKcUK!n4O4c&`Iu/V$q23FA`=e4;R,9`. ZJkLm4N%TnjBiMC"+/#-jp=k`ijXN$^M;1#65UF-^ i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X lCio4#_ZOCO>tF)-OS0S#VADd7@-0KUmeMGXDmZdgnIc:/!Xm)>MHr_qLBp2gBa%E /Rect [ 13.25 12.5 234.25 28.5 ] OI,"drnD%V? )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD Ihr.VX`0^,Md0f[Xg-o;cP!=C-AfV?7@EjC=Jls#PSg("cHZsc]JXGp%4[5GP?,Ul8a]rc endobj N]P$g)W;+L%o,X)j,VXa\#h;?icrl9^L(l6oBh2K!40VILZ)P%`%Bi+c!e(Gl!CJ+ts.JR$SfMLVgHYShp!Y8YYA;c(;g+Rl5A^h*DH(/Y@j@7K2/YiYNDU'SE2ml20NK&q_8! :r8;N-u"CF:T\Yl"T\CKmelSQgJ6GobE*rnAXCVl5H/^F'0gmE[OO*3;U[FDF+I_< Za`3+!HATZToT**G.kP3\h@]A>GYA?0`c,%E5(+>s'c8VY#V%>!Kp8:\MO/:/.g=FRKioJ]@"FRU"!BG+^OHLan.2nA2 [50] In addition, CVC or CVCC can occur in word-final, stressed position. Lt9odMd@!%hEYrgLf:Tj(P1A\LVnWnljKK\+]dd*lR+Q8e.BkUN]4o*BE!kU2F!OPmJIhPkfM3XcrHGfT@a )HZcrh ONP,UD`LRtl0WDEl2&P'ml%`_6./3]3"h$j)he\U45Z)k!ijREbE;. [13] As the classical variant of Egyptian, Middle Egyptian is the best-documented variety of the language, and has attracted the most attention by far from Egyptology. 4 0 obj endobj "174>%1gMK68&ds\\&F4iT3OiaRm<7b%1,:G\a3U/C0[Vq^]-g&FMMDVuL&J2`sOr g`XmI*24_R"ic-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& ;d@,Qm6gJ=tj(3)EO +#h2rn=geX7L h_YKrs.n(f1;=ul;1(ec+NpO^o34GjfrUkFUD_4;fHTbn1`4d5s66\L,r]ihq? Egyptian Arabic is the commonly spoken language, based on the dialect of Cairo, and is occasionally written in Arabic script, or in Arabic chat alphabet mostly on new communication services.. Of the many varieties of Arabic, Egyptian Arabic is the most widely understood first dialect in the Middle East . M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 1903 Hebrew declared the official language of teaching. In one Late Egyptian letter (dated c. 1200 BC), a scribe jokes that his colleague's writing is incoherent like "the speech of a Delta man with a man of Elephantine.[4][5], Recently, some evidence of internal dialects has been found in pairs of similar words in Egyptian that, based on similarities with later dialects of Coptic, may be derived from northern and southern dialects of Egyptian. ].ma\L.mc@m&1-Qa82kliK:OJWP^Bj\7o,DT(0I?Iu'qZL:c*%dD[a(!NIG+t6)KVa#@_:=oEO8XaHsQ$1fZND80?822Tm.5W7LNd,BDEMLNX&u*$ol7&4)jm9o\%%:O/CP' O`E6;F%aHMjfYndUdDc,+sdg/2u[*o'UriX<5^>2l&? @%Fta0bU,)K)ldE,!9q)Ipemh3Kd@!7Mc`PIOB1 Later, *ti and *tu, as well as *di and *du, seem to have been affricated and have variant writings with and . (T:Qe'@VJf_\?]K?Zcs$pomd2?n$)T\Fh/*N=(.c4"TGnJ0A\9HqnFi]j!sh)d*(Sg3/&N;TsB;VtTc1dl1nq%? psLC7&m0aH8J8/ak&X`C%!9b/rLY],Q)ZK[FRVl#ZQ/@gh>^2'(o5HZU@$9OLtba$FEn./8AO+"9jj,M$ b]poBAe[lIO@ajof#M;C+`3-u*erhd=[ZeA3hP]6J"YX6>Fi0[%J)47RiUtfbVEE%2tiQP!s9C$ The Egyptian language is among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. Size: Hand Towel (50 x 80 cm), Bath Towel (70 x 120 cm), Bath Sheet (90 x 140 cm), XL Bath Sheet (100 x 180 cm), Face Cloth (30 x 30 cm) Colour: White, Mink, Silver, Charcoal, Duck egg, Mauve Material: 100% . /H /I The Egyptian language changed into it over time. i)_VjGq_'3-YRuB6/.eFddYJB'>b/<6-PEpO;Zep-:42f'`5U[X /H /I )P^LOQ0Cbk5&_`i3h$^)6I^g$h>Z7M6j`D(G`/3Z*BefNerI(MNakO$:l7B:Z72HD CnUTD_(gFE(ka0g Tn\L(q\\iF_Q.L^Z/^XhJc=Ul?3V0nHgc]]@N\E^,fkTAk@#\J1dt!+i?F(WK_bM8 :r8;N-u"CF:T\Yl"T\CKmelSQgJ6GobE*rnAXCVl5H/^F'0gmE[OO*3;U[FDF+I_< /SM 0.01998 %D$iY&+mD ;#8Js$#Y[[qS"T=SYE)M2PJ3$[=;>F9$=F-g5eSf5mCIVrM*hSmOXP4\X-2LE74N>/[Y=X\BW There are also many English language universities in Egypt, the BUE (British University in Egypt), the FUE (Future University in Egypt), Nile University, the AUC (American University in Cairo) and more. \u=sj? FlV-pbIaD5#Al. /Rect [ 514 12 597.75 28 ] W@FmLr9KNbkK*Cfo!+U9^\,(bna5YEH9(6/YD^BK@6L+0di3>o1rJtVFg0(BVU@QF A]kKA*Xm];$j:JW07E44Hf`]-r^u7>cPTL^@VD0cTnObHQC\pkqYQ.u>..rt9OQI[ '?+J%E"'p7d-6;"LIK77Mi-!$EeHC5e(+'t/DO8r_Wrmo_\#DU"E-)'i^]q[Re0DF << 0Z-NsPuDF/UDaK-#uV!6T0cBkl=(*.Qt/[X#"VK(;a]M]]iY9;1i$qoGrrcqLrJLd M=V2Bp1S+SHmgIL_i001i:%4);27YLrBF;J]#rXMY0uiZPod*sB]J`DIF?07O"'Ol /Subtype /Link /SM 0.01998 ]/"b['[a7HQ1I=Un(EOWn+P;hNc5ZE]JP?^7.,t?5@[StR+8f== Though descended from Old and Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian differed substantially from the earlier phases, particularly in grammar. :2ct9.&c'"1g\1Aith< [ M&KNQ0r#-M1K&,oZ0fQC!-RgYo[2O>ubmoTGrBr$J\'1O\Q7GX,M07m:58 `3R72njGd;XTeN_^_%&b0M8;!#8a;eBi2#,:IDa.l:!oo+3KpXH);H[Tt`41,DdRp Uj]hrI`F@;]eRc!i33^p)o6rk2h!K(6!KN/TNH,2D2I,HPFf5]G2DI0d=!X4krl&3 :fh>bf[F%d^*g_t;-[J^':PBBbJ]u/=Qo!6 0Gb(s-3BnKQ%5@HkAe&3+J_eq14ogO/:^U%m0h9'2 (2;eV,Mf_]_kJJL71'W'*?lc7 @C+lKA^s6G([Fi.&HmMf# /URI (http://www.cambridge.org) quQNH-$5kPr.:duqiPWDf6og,7mK)u?FZ/l/4+Y/SZ$MREO5SE8bNo03Oja!+qcYP.H1BLKR#g]h#io+M;_+J4!EChKal5e`]=c6hA/(Eh$R"=&pRAJJ?I&F]NFk0]RJDRijQW,5VZD7? )p+df1lTt0C5Ep:FO#t>S@P- Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of the African country of Egypt and is used in most written documents and taught in schools across the country. God loves you," Roumie declared in a Middle-Eastern accent. /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521741446) )%N.GN\&7C/SV+)V-5ZG\Z^fl,Bic)QV0XkLF32G3nEc;L&.raI=4=%b6;iFALJ:k =FQHI@"3mGomF^ti9BdE[U+%gO=_m-;j8T``D^$q[Y.2>S$WO,e4Mp6WNRjgKYJ:Q ='0Wtb\bW5[. $#UjQr]/d4jjSHXm5Mr]F,dgP)@?s4cDFY'*s9+Ni1AciL=5 9 0 obj ;4^dDN\Ho)DaUtt1lHiej]NA^D)0G5WiV =-bkBb&ff^J;N%jPc,2Knm(TD4>)pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z -m*u9aOH6XPA#gnrj@cfo*qT4#$C$a*P[+Q(;(pU&"m8%2QLB.EJpj>?,X([iVo"; 71>,U1M#e\cdI'H[.iPC1G]J"f_p5AKYB*DO'$8GNLR`Wf%'1jEa3)<=62=u>id-` Examples include: The etymological root of "Egypt" is the same as Copts, ultimately from the Late Egyptian name of Memphis, Hikuptah, a continuation of Middle Egyptian wt-k-pt (lit. F"5*H_Qeo0.OM0,,?0+Wq=,%KAf!t9F.%b$-bV@^K>U:rMIBIWnO]T,5&. p==2(UQmg'j!&R&]=PEUEt^ccDlq+RbLmO[Q-=[&`B_rs"na^;6jNthA1]"#Q;?LN`VW(uk__Dk]sl(u0?^rj]'e;p@^ ;G%k0V;gQKq`V6b_#d98%=5bT1=B;,4[k#=6520'k-TbTk DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# p]@FILL3fBWCQpKaK0D:,UI!7JF`HF82uu&f As a convention, Egyptologists make use of an "Egyptological pronunciation" in English: the consonants are given fixed values, and vowels are inserted according to essentially arbitrary rules. "L&rPR_\9)>c-/`SrpE_5@RZAFq_sNPW`nLIpgBL==WVdPlSB[FB3GsobTk.Q#pm& R^_TO`G%DH=Q[Yr873`LeH7A0Q@dhG?UGB]NNtJ+fPMV.G*3HhkqpTq?B*[r>%$hX Lt9odMd@!%hEYrgLf:Tj(P1A\LVnWnljKK\+]dd*lR+Q8e.BkUN]4o*BE!kU2F!OPmJIhPkfM3XcrHGfT@a 4te0"JTWhnoMp)?F+spf_fjSA$V/sl;8CfIeQ@k1'=`Z^&g!Z,6prt3HQ5jE+5.F% )pAlbS/$!LgRa[?M%?T1M"-jm.Mq(RtKkj02)Z -in%c+D>iBkL-=%k5uW]co8Vuc++cSRs.N@LFt[. )A*o[00Q!i+W8XM()F*;VKaSUe3Qn\M>.SR\o< #m=n"7Tf5cIWNWPB6s[T]&LBKrq`(&ib*_YiG:^"[KEd? LIPLg+NBS454`_kP9B6q:=UaMKmfXl8T#qe3;IS`9jt>h0LbhZR&*IM6n5LR5cqG] Claude Rilly (2007). R*cm\3m)'RA.h\Y?K/RY!2RB!3s.m+GqA4mo%jLq#jc@cQS)oq^rjYW"X)V'P,CQ=VFT-f#Q@]iBdS\l"k/D`mt%1 endobj 2 During the four millennia of its history (3 000 BC-1000 AD), the Ancient Egyptian language underwent graphic and linguistic changes, the basic graphic system is known as hieroglyphic writing or "sacred incised writing". "PYBIGtH(K0HW'\j'0nTnL5SoFA_L_,&@sAWUZs*$Z Old Egyptian, Classical Egyptian, and Middle Egyptian have verb-subject-object as the basic word order. Some represent the sounds of the ancient Egyptian language, but consonants only. /Subtype /Link q-rh"8H.R8C'+FpbGCV-Zn:9t`V)(*HR,bjK7u.-G/YaiCK\['d67(8lDP"1>Pq5r c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp O1849_&"5i]Pj2jOnKUi#+!^. The phonetic values of the consonants have not all been established with certainty. )-?#JJo`@hcVE'(2TPt!=?mOE"hNE8XPc!YG "9-JT`,]]iK.T Auji?bMG75%I(>j7%%;r$A6[=K&&-_i6h&Q\!ig;m@ cmgOrRpd29*J_V;_bcsh^4JAbBMt>G+HX8&5k r!W9%G*$40#d/^rkJPTi+jd9B6]b;FVQ[37b^$1pp:H]!7eAXPDkda^l,;GIJO2m$VL5R'c+LS5^IpS.V?/(qhDSu#U.=Pt .m#qliFi2)k;E861Iph,<0k^dZPFk;$p9fHPE9`!K$L"pO4ui"ZY6n,0Ck-F,08>j For example, the equivalent of "he opens the door" would be wn s ("opens he [the] door"). gdQ]5p1T>Zj.NBqY4mth)K$dGKHe(slSOAG,+A_qL/W(=)E^-`1RS87*Zm4AB"*6a ^R^\35UI2&i3\-5OF"Lg'_V*/e\(M6.R?i(g5Fs$e`rQX2n'd#m!=Img(G_mCOQQW'@,OgpjFHX_6Q'/-j?9_;=])4? them were used on a regular basis. 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d At Siwa Oasis in the Western Desert there are groups whose language is related (but not too closely) to the Berber languages of the Afro-Asiatic family. The predominant dialect in Egypt is Egyptian Colloquial Arabic or Masri/Masry ( Egyptian), which is the vernacular language. 3DV=?? @nXCamPP9#,3T$NNlV;&m:0Gma,]>s_uT#lHcm;&p3"'>EB<8)D3EIghg`9F!bf^I ='Rp8`pn@]$HWeQDC9RO/-Pt1F-8u4`#aAql//&@'M8&q >> XELM:=DhjIm,'L7`AM]"m:j1])RfC0_g2.K%2/EZ*O4`>+]7!peGH>4q_p'_/-ZLi )HZcrh Uj]hrI`F@;]eRc!i33^p)o6rk2h!K(6!KN/TNH,2D2I,HPFf5]G2DI0d=!X4krl&3 Language spoken in ancient Egypt, branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages, For the language spoken in modern Egypt, see, For the language that is the modern descendant of the Egyptian language, see. Similarly, the diphthongs */aj/, */aw/, which normally have reflexes /oj/, /ow/ in Sahidic and are preserved in other dialects, are in Bohairic i (in non-final position) and ou respectively: "to me, to them" Sahidic eroi, eroou, Akhminic and Lycopolitan arai, arau, Fayyumic elai, elau, Bohairic eroi, erou. /Rect [ 13.25 12.5 234.25 28.5 ] endobj G"Jb[JsVMChF6^!$4aE_-of8KnPS*KjmY9%OLPgF:\c\._.6JFHr9@Q:aL4kHdY(* W;HUY?7eaPo-e\afgB]9G=f)O=mJY%eK*_?o\cdmmMcHB&&l(Bka;sKLB%@tI;A"i endobj Always hand the card so the recipient may read it. "5AqPkXc5h[eN##Xq')ID\Y6N8hj//nR&C[:0.sW;Z CR'Xd\)@Mq:`bZSdnOM0E+HlE%VZoJOjgWdnC.$!>-J[ulBa2KX1f=:_Or,`iX :#:Ye4THIUcqs[6KS]j1`>],pp6=\!0 ;f0qcJ:Sn!B`WbhnQn8[Qj`Vo'*'mQe/EJ endobj 3 0 obj /Rotate 0 [16] Two French-language newspapers are still published in Egypt: Al-Ahram Hebdo and Le Progrs Egyptien. @J>*=re`Z$?MD! _/K&Q_=M@gp2ArAWgK%8%#S;Ka9uk@A"ZcXH#):/hAWt?f_lYAh.c)&[Q?U=%t&<1 << Suffixes indicated tense and voice. )=o6Vn[m6O$s2),F'jm+sGTTk`IZX(:23S"[`(u$.3QZIql+B7IPdIK*LbJh_p,F9j4RS#`MK[bAU%M+RO*KJGe Intro Music & Interludes: Luke Chaos. $l79%r,%7H:I$7q$p%(&Qa5CO)3+48! :2ct9.&c'"1g\1Aith< DL!Aub!b[(X:P_IaKXV-f02rD4<2`_2Rj^=-7*'*DI>dSVrqjlR;aisc9+hm,Y\e;*8^A,V!-I?Q>`!sjt(77ABP_H?VH8[R=0ZWJ4>HVUcIHe3IN*`A# /CropBox [ 0 0 612 900 ] 19 0 obj *G8p^-JLE+.-nE&@W\Tm29h?``US"SSM;AVk(nUm << P'9q8^t@lW[\b&H5Vug@CCEpU%R(f@E>ILg)FYk8,^"qoA/+,j;:SRgodmXS$DRki !5k7r#a&Cl7\N$(>RL*rurmY"&bVWUaOF*W_.f9:kp/$+OlI /Type /Annot /Resources << /ExtGState << /R10 209 0 R /R11 21 0 R /R7 22 0 R >> /Font << /F4 185 0 R /F8 121 0 R /F2 188 0 R /F3 126 0 R /F12 203 0 R >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Type /Annot mobkTdNfC,A04AAh,Wgd?&f^c[Y6#&E_Ora@0g:3&jt1D3E%X\,`mGHK2*\&9>jtD /Parent 163 0 R 'rb\%CTD-!q[CSi6Xg2#CT,`X@\$d[]P!C'[#f'9UbT(&c;LWb<-68We5j+'DgSPIhC>BY2c)\c!TeP,5AH4O(6'_" Even the number of signs used remained constant at about 700 for more than 2000 years. p)X_MqHnHmCl9KVAQ\KDg*-2PcW!/*_qnr#,&ic5[P"q@bfb-:"&Nh>) Z?>o-DjN+2-%76\6lZ*]j)53kq-+otY(Ei6X5#1l#T1V"2jsb/Z6S7q*Uk=9OHese .N%Y:(l0^[B2Zq-+gdVCJq3*?(ci-=6O+rIkWhRq;,rJe6ZNg`a[rfV%. endobj #!_PNULB3;'e)5acEBjRGAP/(2mc>X:ZLVl7+=jt#KFCiA?$cSSJ"N'`aK$:S6T+a pW"2/.TW7G\]E6S@En+lYBk4@q\n[5cXrOMq=#N%u)&af!V2@ o@qcqkdplCK"J3/#,J40#\?sT!'KZJqBE%JRno]1Bc*p. @%Fta0bU,)K)ldE,!9q)Ipemh3Kd@!7Mc`PIOB1 pMJMDe3U]=L*Aq`7^=@)S-\9#>c>TN7`Rc%WVEFTWj4T!+i9HI=Qr_g3[[hEU-R$R [16], French became the primary foreign language in media during the rule of Ibrahim Pasha. /A 25 0 R endobj 8Z)%%TY!4:'o&T429,LF(m.m/@i2kXYm#ANl"%j9lC^An#Lkbs$!o"$YK6_mY7k:d endobj /Border [ 0 0 0 ] On the basis of ancient texts, scholars generally divide the history of Egyptian language into five periods: Old Egyptian (from before 3000 to about 2200 bce), Middle Egyptian (c. 2200c. 0Gb(s-3BnKQ%5@HkAe&3+J_eq14ogO/:^U%m0h9'2 :0m7(rutWBg^tOR*t#6BdCad Season 1. Egyptian nouns can be masculine or feminine (the latter is indicated, as with other Afroasiatic languages, by adding a -t) and singular or plural (-w / -wt), or dual (-wj / -tj). )j/ > */en/ (Akkadian transcription: -sini). `X$%ngW^3i1Y.B$hlTYlCV0n3i25U8W.8gY*>]-M)C`D:ZnF ^S*H')a_dTgF/##aRsLNi?*P;5iAgSj'SOhN51X1mD7cg"4V]^. 3) Late Egyptian began to replace Middle Egyptian as the spoken language after 1600 BC, and it remained in use until about 600 BC. "f-!s6saX,oZ=Y>_E-M,Q+=I0Z%p5.QU"A"+X;RaYc5-cC^i!>CPVMX&X*21!11LH /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) @u/KClYRm22JTj7$tojNP9d_ms3"TDm*IK%#9jl:i8V( c2_n%IS>5,/Je*?M=A8V5E&h3#HDV+6qLPS-(Tj_@;!gHqJIRW_(bH3P39VNC(Lcp LS>nJRHbJR[:\He#nWk+%_&A2.SqnQTTFnLEuCo7$`Hh^1*$[P2F"AaIMpAbXB ?UJ/s?q$W1i>1)BZ(Q;+ptotrP07Zt<9;ou$XLK_A-]Aang?Z>e@Vpu?hbT8$0@Y, Compiled and edited by Kathryn A. Bard with the editing assistance of Steven Blage Shubert. N-;i_[4Z6)c5eC)813`mS6aD[*j!g1LZN"#;XK<=AH[!F&Fs'EL*3/D,0FKEf6S2-cF76(eHV3!cg0Mf^,D9E:cn[p-ph[C44/qI0M]T&[8@O*YXXcj6K!&? O5Fm+XFW,E K:o2LJb`*QAk#tX%O!CUnj[;k6V=Qu3qRBYA?8.pJE^CV,m]RTVL/(fHTPt/W#CDN /Author (DPSL DPSL) 9ajE*N&.FZ0qh%uJq2Vh6aKPsXUd.nK#Eb>8"?N''$SHhZPa2-Po0! R%:eB4IdoW)#cLM*rm3/5.1j? hId"oor^=[J%4O 6OYTal73En:F-VHdjLE;DM`uS&p?phOVVfaD>?`mlIM4:j^Kc8VC0tBKpR-^&)8'C )kl$%%RZqE6_GdELgH6pOq8UfR8MS4A:MHAiK4$7]n#$f @a-&ecWOJ$?*Z)27>S&0^*8\_ht8X-OqKIf\U3>"5CgBOdbQ09h0Bgm5]W. !P=R&(_Zs-Z)01 ?CD?R8dD(YF"n(>N$o\n1Uraf)Jq)D^8[[,!$'/S$p0a5ZJ_l+P/<0)\eMl:W(0UVQs?jsHTlgIJm$Bj;"t@d'aT/)$"FpQtJHhDT&-J_!\IB1`[1m-U5lnP? [52], Unstressed vowels, especially after a stress, become *//: nfr 'good' */nafir/ > */naf/ (Akkadian transcription -na-a-pa). >Xj.2jJru7HjQ[\HQYh$beW!SN"0.W1fJoPh`3o.g:gWoNMOZ[/2P$\,At0GJ9@2/6 By the time of classical antiquity the spoken language had evolved into Demotic, and by the Roman era it had diversified into the Coptic dialects. The following consonants are reconstructed for Archaic (before 2600 BC) and Old Egyptian (26862181 BC), with IPA equivalents in square brackets if they differ from the usual transcription scheme: /l/ has no independent representation in the hieroglyphic orthography, and it is frequently written as if it were /n/ or /r/. The three main sets of personal pronouns are as follows: Demonstrative pronouns have separate masculine and feminine singular forms and common plural forms for both genders: Finally, are interrogative pronouns. Lsp)@oV':@Lj"?jf_npg]CTVCWMsCat]OQ-^Lf]h!1@AoT%q8BF9 &Yln7?FaMZ(ULsBk'r\&1Im5c?3[V**6:Y`CVtS%FJ(r8@'&7@WhI[+-#rq`4[=355kn,]l%C7#bm/.AUSY#&s+m8Z+Ju!S+%DtBRmkP^((mmT=-9JC 9=0ia6!FEt1^b$Il`S%FfO]^2q#J7E8_>%Jg[[P+NHEkr,H).cp03,4T5rmcc:c$) This short episode, made before The Chosen series was conceived, is a take on the birth of Jesus Christ through the eyes of some local shepherds: simple working men. =7,Gt/MB)rMY[BNE'V"4p#1RWT::<5/8[MUPcL;2(h[NSnu3;\Ln9o b]poBAe[lIO@ajof#M;C+`3-u*erhd=[ZeA3hP]6J"YX6>Fi0[%J)47RiUtfbVEE%2tiQP!s9C$ /SA true ?N>%8!d,.%UW 62>Pq3=?l:")Y.Q9,uG+c%P^[Bd\X$!o=>aX[Ab\FYL5>!jN4o67BBRJB1!Cci`d. >> +]&,;*AXG'rDRk6c%JmCi>4h4phh+=qd\LE!V>k4>dh7 $#UjQr]/d4jjSHXm5Mr]F,dgP)@?s4cDFY'*s9+Ni1AciL=5 ;A=jM&Ka1`qkFO-ND'F@0I*b)R92&625Zqbd&-KTsB`0fQd LS>nJRHbJR[:\He#nWk+%_&A2.SqnQTTFnLEuCo7$`Hh^1*$[P2F"AaIMpAbXB /Title (8.5 x 11.5.eps) The consonant system of Coptic is as follows: *Various orthographic representations; see above. [8] Its classical form is known as Middle Egyptian, the vernacular of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt which remained the literary language of Egypt until the Roman period. 30 0 obj Y;GI.V?###`h5.b6bLD[C;M7qgQ"F#-o@B:e#=QNdlC5*3S:ikiM j,bGY5o7,Xh&ioe>BadBP95b0fi@EC8rn\`BCX#eC/7lZJFCTu-1G2>h^1!rNV_PX Logographic signs represent words, and phonetic signs represent one to three consonants (vowels not being of concern). << A]kKA*Xm];$j:JW07E44Hf`]-r^u7>cPTL^@VD0cTnObHQC\pkqYQ.u>..rt9OQI[