The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. In Ch. Every year adds to the black mans numbers. Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. 556, 569. Why, or why not? Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. There are four types of argumentative claims: claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy, and claims of cause and effect. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. Speed swimmers have made (alot/a lot) of progress since the 1924 Olympics. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! [30] Life and Writings, Vol. He makes an eloquent case for slavery as an evil and indefensible institution, and he points out as well that it corrupts whites to have such immense power over other human beings. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. Although writers use plenty of other options, Im teaching the counterclaim and refutation in the final body paragraph. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt. Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. 235236. IV, p. 302. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" by Frederick Douglass - Quizlet Latest answer posted August 21, 2018 at 9:25:03 PM. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior Argumentative essays have a basic structure that allows some room for the author's discretion. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. Here again, two points are especially salient. Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. Standing in the foreground of the Lincoln Memorial nearly 50 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered the most famous speech by any American in the 20th century. Human nature cannot honor one who is helpless, Douglass had observed long before, but it is bound to respect those who display a forceful, virtuous self-reliance. IV, p. 436. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. An effective argumentative essay addresses what the other side might say and explains why that point of view is wrong. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. All rights reserved. Frederick Douglass Project: Claims of Our Common Cause | RBSCP IV, p. 459. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? Following this lesson, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Rejectthe counterclaim. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. Scarcely less important than suffrage as a guarantor of personal security were property rights. Various options can be effective: 1. It did much more, that is, than convey the Framers general disapproval of slavery and their design to recognize slavery only as a local institution, to tolerate it only as a necessary, temporary evil, and to contain its expansion to the end of promoting its eventual abolition. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. Body--The body of a five-paragraph essay is three paragraphs. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). OR. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. jim preston mchenry, il obituary. Key Items Necessary: 1 - Transition. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. Provide a quotation from the speech that shows Douglass's response to the counterclaim identified. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. Pick the best evidence to support the opposing point of view. [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. [51] Douglass, The Blessings of Liberty and Education, September 3, 1894, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Douglass's central claim in his autobiography is that slavery is as harmful to whites as it is to slaves. Let us consider first the difficulties. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. Under each type of claim is an example of that claim on the topic of capital punishment. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Finally, in the introduction is the thesis (claim). 348349 (emphasis in original). V, p. 78. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. Abstract: Nearly 50 years after Martin Luther King delivered his memorable I have a dream speech, there is a growing consensus that the civil rights movement, despite some important victories, has been a failure. III, p. 420. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. work!!! 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. Your mom's counterclaim is that you don't need one. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. It means light and liberty. I, p. 311. in Literary Studies. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. Identify the parts of an argumentative essay. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? II, pp. Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. For Douglass especially, the stakes of that contest were matters of concrete urgency as well as of larger national destiny. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. 386387. Despite that glimmer of dignity at his origin, the year of his birth and the identity of his own father remained unknown to him throughout his life. In the long history of AfricanAmerican political thought, there is no more forceful proponent of the cause of integration than Douglass, and there is no more insightful analyst of the varieties and dangers of national and racial disintegration. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. For the audience? V, p. 625. It was just what I wanted, and. [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. The standard format for an argumentative essay is as follows: An effective argument contains all of the necessary components (claim, reasons, evidence, counterclaims) while keeping the intended audience in mind. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. It contains a hook or way of gathering the audience's attention. V, p. 105. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. In the Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, we are exposed to the iniquity of slavery and the dehumanization of the black race, which then led Frederick Douglass to recognize that literacy and education would aid him in his flight to freedom. When you're planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence. Hannover Turismo In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. II, pp. Claims are not just opinions. After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! IV, pp. Over one hundred years after Frederick Douglasss death, this teaching has lost none of its essential vitality. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. 364365. V, p. 624. to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. 9 chapters | Facebook Instagram. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? An argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer tries to persuade a particular audience that their claim or point of view is correct. to confirm your understanding of the speech. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. In a short manuscript written sometime in or near 1869, he formulated in rough outline a land-reform proposal, according to which the federal government would correct for southern landowners collusion by becoming itself a purchaser and seller of lands. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. To reaffirm the old integrationist faith in America, Myers turns to the renowned 19th century abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. III, p. 274. Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. II, p. 360. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? How did Douglas remove his residual doubts about his fear of water? This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift.